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  • Facial Trauma

    The fellow should be able to:

      • Demonstrate an understanding of the classification of facial fractures
      • Describe the evaluation and initial management of the patient with severe facial trauma
      • Describe the evaluation and initial management of globe injuries
      • Understand the importance of intraocular pressure and indication for and technique of lateral canthotomy
      • Describe the indication and role of antibiotics in facial trauma

      Resources

      • Topic Summary
      • Additional Resources
        • Nicholas J. V. Hogg, BSc, MSc, DDS, Tanya Charyk Steward, BSc, MSc, et al. Epidemiology of Maxillofacial Injuries at Trauma Hospitals in Ontario, Canada, Between 1992 and 1997. Journal of Trauma 2000. 
        • Wolfgang Hackl, MD; Christian Fink, MD; et al. The Incidence of Combined Facial and Cervical Spine Injuries.; Journal of Trauma 2001.
        • Daniel C. Neubauer, MD, Macario Camacho MD, et al. The new face of war: Craniofacial injuries from Operation Inherent Resolve. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 2022.
        • Sauaia Angela, MD; Frederick A. Moore; et al. Epidemiology of Trauma Deaths: A Reassessment. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 1995. 
        • Tetsuo Shimoyama, DDS, PhD; Takahiro Kaneko, DDS and Norio Horie, DDS, PhD. Initial management of massive oral bleeding after midfacial fracture. Journal of Trauma 2003.
        • Davidson J, Birdsell DC. Cervical Spine Injury in Patients with Facial Skeletal Trauma. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 1989;29(9):1276-1278.
        • Van Sickels JE. Management of Parotid Gland and Duct Injuries. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2009;21(2):243-246. doi:10.1016/j.coms.2008.12.010
        • McElwee TJ, Poche JN, Sowder JC, Hetzler LT. Management of Acute Facial Nerve and Parotid Injuries. Facial Plastic Surgery. 2021;37(4):490-499. doi:10.1055/s-0041-1725129
        • J. Timothy Katzen,MD; Reza Jarrahy, MD; et al. Craniofacial and Skull Base Trauma. Journal of Trauma 2003.
        • McCutcheon BA, Orosco RK, Chang DC, et al. Outcomes of isolated basilar skull fracture: Readmission, meningitis, and cerebrospinal fluid leak. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States). 2013;149(6):931-939. doi:10.1177/0194599813508539
        • Stopa BM, Leyva OA, Harper CN, et al. Decreased Incidence of CSF Leaks after Skull Base Fractures in the 21st Century: An Institutional Report. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2022;83(1):59-65. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1716689
        • Chan DTM, Poon WS, Ip CP, Chiu PWY, Goh KYC. How Useful is Glucose Detection in Diagnosing Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak? The Rational Use of CT and Beta-2 Transferrin Assay in Detection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula. Asian J Surg. 2004;27(1):39-42. doi:10.1016/S1015-9584(09)60242-6
        • Eljazzar R, Loewenstern J, Dai JB, Shrivastava RK, Iloreta AM. Detection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: Is There a Radiologic Standard of Care? A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:307-315. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.299
        • Ratilal BO, Costa J, Pappamikail L, Sampaio C. Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015;2015(4). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004884.pub4
        • Cho J, Sachs A, Cunningham LL. Dental Trauma and Alveolar Fractures. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2022;30(1):117-124. doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2021.08.010

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